Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society

Category: articles

Miscellaneous computer related articles, opinions and essays by fellow TTCS members.

  • Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions (2004)

    Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions (2004)

    The Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions was released for comment in November 2004 by the Ministry of Public Administration and Information (MPAI). According to the text:

    “This document provides the principles that will guide the policy for completion of The Electronic Transactions Bill….The main purpose of the Electronic Transactions Policy is to provide the legal framework for electronic transactions. This framework seeks to provide the legal principles to regulate the use of electronic documents and electronic signatures. The Policy provides the legal requirements governing records to be prepared in an electronic form and sets out the basic rule that an electronic record is not subject to legal challenge merely because it is in electronic form.
    The Policy recognizes that a legally binding document can be crated by use of an electronic signature. The Policy also provides for the formation of contract electronically and communication of electronic records. The Government is empowered under to make regulations relating to the use, import and export of
    encryption programs and other encryption products, and with respect to the protection of personal data. Furthermore, the Policy also makes provision for intermediaries and ecommerce service providers, and for the establishment of an Advisory Board to advise Government on the execution of this policy.”

    Download the Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions  (PDF ; 15 pages ; size: 156K)

    Read the TTCS comments on the Data National Policy on Electronic Transactions  (TXT : 8K)

     

     

  • Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) was released on August 6th 2004 and it is the largest update to Windows XP since the original release of Windows XP. SP2 is not immediately available (at this time: August 2004) for download from www.windowsupdate.com therefore users will have to download and install the “full” (also called the “Network Install”) of Windows XP Service Pack 2.

    It is available from Microsoft at this URL:

    http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165b076b-aaa9-443d-84f0-73cf11fdcdf8/WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe

    This link is for the English version. The file size is approximately 266 MB.

    (more…)
  • Slipstreaming with Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Slipstreaming with Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Slipstreaming is the term used to describe the integration of a service pack with the installation files from the original installation media. In this example, Windows XP Service Pack 2 will be integrated with the original files from Windows XP Home Edition.

    (more…)
  • Remove the XP Service Pack 2 Security Alert icon

    Remove the XP Service Pack 2 Security Alert icon

    Introduction

    Updated : January 12th, 2005

    Windows XP Service Pack 2 installs a brand new “Security Center” for users to protect their computers against a variety of security risks.

    Windows XP SP2 Security Center
    (more…)
  • Tech Specs for Trinidad & Tobago

    Tech Specs for Trinidad & Tobago

    Tech Specs for Trinidad and Tobago

    Created : July 7th, 2004

    Introduction

    This page provides information about some of the basic technical specifications and standards in use in Trinidad and Tobago. Will you be visiting Trinidad and Tobago in the near future? Will you be bringing your electronic devices (e.g. digital camera, cellphone, PDA, laptop computer, MP3 player, etc) with you? This page is for you.

    Electricity

    In Trinidad and Tobago, electricity is distributed by the Trinidad & Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC). Their official website is located at: http://www.ttec.co.tt/. According to their website, electricity is supplied:

    • at a frequency of 60 Hertz (60Hz).
    • the typical residential supply is AC, 115/230 Volt, single phase, 3 wire.

    For most purposes, the electrical outlets available to the typical visitor (at hotels, guest houses, homes of relatives/friends, etc) will supply 115V/60Hz electricity.

    Notes:

    • The electrical voltage can vary in the range 110V to 120V depending on time of day, load conditions, demand, etc.
    • Your electrical device should be able to operate in the 110V to 120V range.

    Types of electrical plugs:

    • Flat blade attachment plug
    • Flat blades with round grounding pin

    Telephones (land lines)

    Land line service in Trinidad and Tobago is provided by Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT). Their webiste is located at: http://www.tstt.co.tt. TSTT uses standards similar to those of North America:

    • Telephone outlets use the RJ-11 socket.
    • Phones, fax machines, answering machines, modems, etc. are connected to the outlet via a RJ-11 modular plug.

    Cellular telephones

    The local phone company, Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago, (TSTT) offers both TDMA and GSM cellular service. Reminder: Check with your cellular service provider for information about roaming rates, compatibility, etc.) before bringing your cellular phone to Trinidad and Tobago.

    Further information about the GSM service can be found on our GSM in TnT page.

    Television/video standards

    Trinidad and Tobago uses the North American standard for television broadcasting.

    • Television/video standard: NTSC.
    • Number of lines: 525.
    • Frequency: 60Hz.

    NTSC to PAL and PAL to NTSC conversions are available from local video production companies (check the local telephone directory for contact information) but can be expensive for the average visitor.

    Internet Access

    Dial-up access is still the most common with “broadband” available in limited areas. For general information check this page: Internet Access Options in TnT

    As a visitor, you have several options by which you can access the Internet:

    Hotels

    The major hotels offer access in one form or the other:

    • The access can be directly from your room via a Ethernet cable or WiFi.
    • It may also be from a specially designated “computer room” where the hotel already has computers set and ready to access the Internet
    • It may also be from a specially designated “computer room” where you can plug your portable computer into a telephone jack or ethernet port.

    Cybercafes

    There are many cybercafes locate throughout the country, check the local telephone directory for contact information. Quality of service, speed and available equipment/applications varies from cafe to cafe.

    Dial-up access

    One local ISP, Opus Networx offers a “visitor account” for the duration of your stay. Check the website: http://www.opusnetworx.co.tt for further details.

    619-EASY

    The local phone company (TSTT) offers Internet access service without the need to sign-up for an account. Simply configure your computer to dial 619-easy (3279) and use the username EASY (use all capital letters because it is case-sensitive). There is no password. The call will cost TT 75 cents per minute (VAT inclusive) and will be billed to the phone number from which the call was made. e.g. if you make the call from telephone number 611-0001 and spend 10 minutes online, then the charge of (0.75 x 10) TT$7.50 for Internet access time will be added to the bill for phone number 611-0001. Please do not abuse the facility and leave your relatives or friends with large phone bills for Internet access time.

    Freenets

    There are no “freenet”-style 80211.b, 80211.g or other such public access wireless (“WiFi”) networks currently in operation (July 2004).

    Computer Hardware

    Hardware for PC desktop systems e.g. RAM modules, motherboards, keyboards, mice, network cards, hard drives, floppy drives, video cards, cases, cables, etc are available “off-the-shelf” from local retailers.

    Hardware for Macs is not so common. However, modern desktop Macs do use some components that are common to both Macs and PCs so, to a certain, limited extent, hardware is available.

    Internal hardware for laptops (PCs and Macs) is rare. These machines use proprietary form factor parts which will not be available “off-the-shelf”.

    Reminder: If you are traveling with your various electronic devices (e.g. laptop computer, PDA, digital camera, MP3 player, etc) bring: your AC adapter, spare batteries and your battery charger if possible/where applicable.

    Measurement Systems

    Trinidad and Tobago uses the Metric system for measurement:

    • Length: millimetres, centimetres, metres, kilometres.
    • Liquids: litres.
    • Weight: grams, kilograms.
    • Speed: kilometres per hour (Km/h).

    However, as a former british colony, it is not uncommon for citizens to refer to these measurements in their imperial formats, e.g. “pounds”, “miles”, “feet”, “inches”, etc. Note: the Metric system should be used for all business transactions.

    Batteries

    • Carbon and alkaline batteries are commonly available in the following formats: AAA, AA, C, D.
    • “Button” batteries, such as those used in watches and calculators are available.
    • Rechargable batteries and those with exotic contents e.g. lithium are less common.

    If your electronic equipment (e.g. laptop, digital camera, MP3 player, PDA) uses a battery with a proprietary form factor, it is unlikely you will be able to purchase a replacement “off-the-shelf”.

    Reminder: travel with spare batteries and your battery charger if possible/where applicable.

    Recordable Media

    Recordable Media is available in the following formats:

    • VHS standard video tape: 120 and 160 minutes (as measured in SP recording mode). (As of 2013, this is no longer considered a common medium)
    • Compact cassettes (As of 2013, this is no longer considered a common medium).
    • CD-R(ecordable): 650MB and 700MB are common.
    • CD-R specifically for audio is also available (but more expensive than “data” CD-Rs).
    • CR-RW (CD-rewritable) is available.
    • Recordable 4.7GB DVDs are available. Formats include: DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW.

    Local Radio Stations

    Local radio stations use the North American standard for frequency allocation:

    • The AM band uses 540 Khz to 1600Khz.
    • The FM band uses 88Mhz to 108Mhz.

    There are two AM stations: 610 (state owned/operated) and 730 (privately owned/operated).

    There are fifteen FM stations: 90.1, 92, 93, 94.1, 95.1, 96.1,
    97, 98.1, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106.

    Programming content includes: news, community announcements, local music, caribbean music, east-indian music, foreign pop music, hip-hop, talk radio, religious music and talk, easy listening and “golden-oldies”.

    Local Television Stations

    The 4 local television stations use the North American standard for frequency allocation:

    • Trinidad and Tobago Televsion (TTT): state owned/operated. VHF Channel 2 (in Trinidad) and VHF channel 13 (some parts of northern Trinindad and all of Tobago)
    • The Information Channel (TIC): state owned/operated. VFH Channel 4 (in Trinidad) and VHF channel 16 (some parts of northern Trinidad and all of Tobago)
    • CCN-TV6: privately owned/operated. VHF Channel 6 (in Trinidad), UHF channel 18 (some parts of northern Trinindad and all of Tobago), UHF channel 19 (only in Tobago).
    • Gayelle TV: privately owned/operated. UHF Channel 23. This is a “community” channel located in north western Trinidad. Other parts of the Trinidad and and all of Tobago may not receive this broadcast signal.

    These stations operate “over the air” on standard VHF and UHF broadcast frequencies. They are also available (unscrambled) on the local cable television system (CCTT) in Trinidad: TTT can be found on channel 3, TIC can be found on channel 4, TV6 can be found on channel 5, Gayelle on channel 7.

    Contact the creator of this page

    Before you send that email, remember:

    We can only answer questions involving Trinidad and Tobago. Do not email us with questions about other countries. We may not be able to answer your question(s).

    Information on this page is subject to change without further notice. We may not reply if your question has already been answered by material provided on this page. This page is for information purposes only. It is not an endorsement of the services provided by any entity linked to or mentioned on this page. You are solely responsible for any and all: financial loss, damage to your equipment or loss of data that may result directly or indirectly from the use of information contained on this page.

    If you have questions (that have not already been answered on this page), comments, more information to add to this page, etc, please contact us

    Last updated : 05/july/2004

    DISCLAIMER

    The creator(s) of this page and the TTCS are not affiliated with any entity linked to or mentioned on this page. This page has not been endorsed in any way by these entities. Information on this page is subject to change without further notice. If you use any information from this page, you do so at your own discretion and risk and you are solely responsible for any and all: financial loss, damage to your equipment or loss of data that may result directly or indirectly from such use. In other words, if you screw-up, or your equipment or data gets screwed up, it is 100% YOUR fault! Don’t blame anyone else

  • The IEEE 1394 Standard

    The IEEE 1394 Standard

    The IEEE 1394 Standard was originally created as a replacement for the SCSI interface. Three versions of the IEEE 1394 Standard have been approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE):

    • 1394-1995:The original concept for a high-speed serial interface was conceived by Apple and the final Standard, 1394-1995, is based on Apple developed technology. The interface has the following capabilities:
      • Data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps.
      • Bi-directional transfers.
      • High speed data transfer.
      • “Hot plug” connectivity (equipment using the interface can be connected and disconnected while the computer is powered on).
      • Digital interface.
      • A maximum cable length of 4.5 metres.
    • 1394a:Was finalised/adopted in 2000. It provided specifications for enhanced performance and power management on the FireWire bus.
    • 1394b:Was finalised/adopted in 2002. It supports a theoretical maximum speed of up to 3.2 Gbps at distances of up to 100 metres. It allows new types of media to be used for FireWire connections (e.g. fibre optic cabling).

    IEEE 1394a supports the following speeds:

    • 100 Mbps (S100)
    • 200 Mbps (S200)
    • 400 Mbps (S400)

    IEEE 1394b supports a maximum speed of 800 megabits per second and is backward compatible with 1394a.

    A maximum of 63 devices can be connected to one IEEE 1394 bus. The maximum number of bus-powered devices depends on the amount of power required by each device and the amount of power that can be provided by the computer.

    Most IEEE 1394 equipment and interface ports support IEEE 1394a. At this time, IEEE 1394b is most commonly found on products from Apple.

    IEEE 1394a is also known by the brand names “Firewire 400” and (to a lesser extent) “i.LINK”. IEEE 1394b is also known by the brand name “FireWire 800”.

    Cables and interface

    IEEE 1394 enables one cable to simultaneously carry digital video signals, digital audio signals, computer data and control signals. Cables are available in a variety of lengths. There are three types of connectors/ports:

    • 6-pin (Firewire 400. Can act as a power source for peripheral devices).
    • 4-pin (Firewire 400. Does not provide power to peripheral devices).
    • 9-pin (Firewire 800. Can act as a power source for peripheral devices).

    Cables can have different combinations of connectors:

    • 6-pin to 6-pin.
    • 6-pin to 4-pin.
    • 4-pin to 4-pin.
    • 9-pin to 9-pin.
    • 9-pin to 6-pin.
    • 9-pin to 4-pin.
    • Adapters are available to “downsize” a 6-pin connector to a 4-pin connector.
    • FireWire 400 devices/ports use either a 6-pin or 4-pin connector.
    • FireWire 800 uses the 9-pin connector and 9-pin port.
    • FireWire 400 products require an adapter cable in order to be used on a FireWire 800 port.
    • A FireWire 400 device can be plugged into either type of port (400 or 800) once it uses the appropriate connector.
    • FireWire 800 speeds can only be achieved if the FireWire 800 device is connected to a FireWire 800 port.

    Bus power:

    IEEE 1394 has been designed to allow devices to be powered through the IEEE 1394 cable (e.g. FireWire 800 can provide up to 45 watts, with a maximum of 1.5 amps and 30 volts). Devices receive power only when they actually need it. One of the best examples of such a device is the Apple iPod digital music player: “FireWire” is the sole data and power connection. The iPod recharges its built-in battery while downloading music from the computer.

    4-pin IEEE 1394 connectors/ports do not carry power therefore devices (which have those ports/are connected to such ports) will not receive power from the IEEE 1394 bus. They must be powered separately.

    Applications

    The most popular application of IEEE 1394 is as a data transfer interface for audio/visual (A/V) equipment and desktop and portable computers. Examples of that interface include connecting:

    • A/V devices to prosumer/professional editing equipment.
    • high resolution scanners to desktop and portable computers.
    • high speed optical drives (CD/DVD “burners”, DVD players) to desktop and portable computers.
    • external hard drives to desktop and portable computers.
    • consumer-level video cameras to desktop and portable computers.

    Firewire and i.LINK

    The IEEE 1394 Standard is sometimes refered to as “Firewire” and (to a lesser extent) “i.LINK” but this misleading because these terms (“Firewire” and “i.LINK”) are actually brand/marketing names and trademarks, not the actual Standard.

    “Firewire” is Apple’s brand/marketing name for IEEE 1394 and related technologies. “i.LINK” is Sony’s brand/marketing name for IEEE 1394 and related technologies. Vendors and manufacturers who wish to use these names and logos to promote their own products must enter into a licensing agreement with either company. Strictly speaking, hardware and software should be advertised as IEEE 1394 (a or b) compliant/compatible rather than “Firewire” or “i.LINK” compliant/compatible.

    According to Apple’s website:

    The FireWire Logo is an Apple trademark and must be licensed for use by third-parties. There is currently no licensing fee. The agreement is a 5-page Adobe Acrobat file, and contains all the information and guidelines third-party developers need to license the FireWire Logo for use on product packaging, advertising, and other product marketing materials.

    For the non-technical consumer: IEEE 1394, “Firewire” and “i.LINK” are compliant/compatible with one another because they are the same Standard. That is, an “i.LINK” device would work if plugged into a “Firewire” port and vice-versa.

    When purchasing IEEE 1394 equipment be aware of the following:

    • IEEE 1394, “Firewire” and “i.LINK” are the same Standard.
    • You may have to pay more if there is a (“Firewire” and “i.LINK”) brand name.
    • “Mac” devices can be used with a “PC” and vice-versa. However, be alert for device-driver issues.
    • Cables can be used interchangebly with Macs and PCs as long as they have the appropriate connectors.
    • Manufacturers may not explicitly state their device is “Firewire” or “i.LINK” compatible in order to avoid licensing agreements with Apple and Sony. If it is IEEE 1394 compliant/compatible, it should work.

    Trivia: Most people refer to IEEE 1394 as “Firewire” for many reasons:

    • IEEE 1394 sounds “too technical”.
    • “Firewire” is more “user-friendly” (sounds “better” than either “IEEE 1394” and “i.LINK).
    • End users find it easier to remember the term “Firewire”.
    • Apple has been better at marketing the “Firewire” brand name than Sony has with “i.LINK”.

    Disclaimer

    Information on this page is subject to change without further notice. If you use any information from this page, you do so at your own discretion and risk and you are solely responsible for any and all: financial loss, damage to your equipment or loss of data that may result directly or indirectly from such use. In other words, if you screw-up, or your equipment or data gets screwed up, it is 100 percent YOUR fault! Don’t blame anyone else.

  • Telecommunications (Amendment) Act, 2004

    Telecommunications (Amendment) Act, 2004

    The Telecommunications (Amendment) Bill 2004 was introduced in the House of Representatives in March 2004. The introductory text of the Bill states :

    “These amendments to the Telecommunications Act 2001 purport, inter alia, to bring clarity to provisions considered ambiguous, to encourage investment by creating and sustaining a framework for fair competition and to ensure the availability of quality services at affordable prices; all of the foregoing being required by the International Telecommunications Union and the World Trade Organisation in respect of legislative reform in the telecommunications/ICT industry.”

    The Explanatory Notes for modifying the definition of “public telephone service” “..will make it abundantly clear that the Authority will regulate the delivery of all public voice services irrespective of the means used to provide the service (e.g., VOIP)”

    Page 3 of the Explanatory Notes for the definition of “value added service” states that : “The existing definition creates ambiguity with respect to the classification of ISPs. Government’s policy requires the regulation of ISPs as public data telecommunications service providers. The revised definition (of value added services) is in accordance with this policy prescription as the definition makes it clearer that value added services are services that provide content and shall not include services by which such content is provided. ……

    Various comments/opinions of the Telecommunication (Amendment) Bill :

    The Telecommunications Amendment Bill, 2004 was passed in the House of Representatives on the 20th April, 2004. It was passed in the Senate with amendments on 18th May 2004. The House of Representatives approved the Senate Amendments on the 26 May 2004. It was assented to on June 14th, 2004.

  • Proposed Policy to exempt licensing of systems operating in the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz ISM Bands

    Proposed Policy to exempt licensing of systems operating in the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz ISM Bands

     

    In early May 2004, the Ministry of Public Administration & Information released a proposed policy “to exempt licensing of systems operating in the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz Industrial, Scientific & Medical (ISM) Bands for the provision of affordable wireless connectivity and Broadband Internet Access”.

    The proposed policy recommends the use of 2.4GHz systems (such as 802.11b, 802.11g, Bluetooth) to be deployed within the constraints of or between the user’s premises for non-third party applications and 5.8GHz systems (such as 802.11a) to be deployed for both public and private network services.

    The deadline for comments from the public on this proposed policy was Friday 28th May 2004.

    Our main point in the comments on the proposed policy :

    The 2.4GHz band should be given the same privileges as the 5.8GHz band and let users/market forces decide which band is more appropriate for their needs. In other words, 2.4GHz systems should be allowed to be deployed for both public and private network services, just like 5.8GHz systems.

    Spectrum Plan for Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Services.

    In April 2006, the Telecommmunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) published a Spectrum Plan for Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Services for comment. “..This plan proposes spectrum bands based on current wireless access technologies and sets out the approach to be adopted by the Authority towards licensing of these bands.”

    In this document, this April 2006 policy states

    6.3.4 Individual or user licences will not be required in order to use radiocommunication equipment in the 2.4 GHz band.

    6.3.5 Radiocommunication systems using the 2.4 GHz band can be used for both private or public telecommunications networks and services or broadcasting services.

    A 2nd version of Spectrum Plan for the Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access Services was posted in July 2006

     

     

  • Cellphones in Trinidad and Tobago

    Cellphones in Trinidad and Tobago

    This page provides generic information about GSM, SMS and ringtones and replaces the “GSM in TnT”, “SMS in TnT” and “About Ringtones” pages previously hosted at www.ttcsweb.org. If you need information specific to your cell phone provider, check their Official Websites.

    Last updated : 25 April 2006

    The official websites for cellphone operators in Trinidad and Tobago are:

    On these sites you can get:

    • Contact information e.g. telephone numbers, email addresses, etc.
    • The latest information on rates/tariffs for both local and international calls.
    • A list of the handsets (and their prices) being sold by the companies.
    • Information on prepaid and post paid packages.
    • Details about where customers can roam and the relevant rates/tariffs.
    • Information about service coverage.
    • A list of dealers that sell handsets and accessories for the different cellphone operators.
    • Updates on promotional events.

    What are the rates/fees/tariffs for GSM cellular service?

    See the Official Websites for the most recent rates.

    GSM FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

    What is dual band?

    Dual band refers to the ability of GSM network infrastructure and phones to operate across two frequency bands. For example at 900MHz and at 1800MHz.

    What is a tri-band phone?

    A tri-band cellular phone has the ability to operate on any 3 of the frequencies commonly used by cellphone providers. Common combinations include: 900MHz/1800MHz/1900MHz or 850MHz/1800MHz/1900MHz.

    What is a quad-band phone?

    A quad-band cellular phone has the ability to operate on these 4 frequencies: 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz.

    What GSM frequencies does TSTT/bmobile and Digicel operate? I want to buy my own GSM phone

    Digicel uses the 850Mhz and 1900Mhz frequency band. TSTT/bmobile uses the 1800Mhz frequency band.

    What is a dual “mode” phone?

    A dual mode cellular phone has the ability to operate in either analog or digital mode depending on network conditions. This description is exclusive to TDMA phones since the GSM system is one hundred percent digital. Analog TDMA service is NOT available in Trinidad and Tobago.

    Can a TDMA cellular phone work on the (Digicel or TSTT) GSM system?

    No. TDMA cellular phones are incompatible with the GSM system.

    What is GPRS?

    GPRS is the GSM Packet Radio Service. Packet switching utilises the network only when there is data to be sent as opposed to sending a continuous stream of data over a permanent connection. Users are able to send and receive data at speeds of up to (a theoretical maximum) of 115Kbit/s. GPRS enables users to connect to a wide range of public and private data networks which use standard data protocols such as TCP/IP and make use of applications such as email or Internet (WWW) access.

    What are SIMs? What are “Smart” cards?

    Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards are used to provide individual identities for each mobile user: e.g. authentication and storage for user data and network configuration information. The current generation of SIMs (“Smart” cards) contain microchips which extend the “intelligence” and capability of the card. Users are now able to access a vast range of card-enabled (as opposed to network-enabled) applications. The SIM must be inserted in the phone for the user to make and receive calls.

    What is “SIM lock”?

    “SIM lock” is the term used to describe the pre-programming of handsets by manufacturers to ensure that the handsets will only work with SIMs issued by a specific GSM network operator. Both Digicel and TSTT have stated that they will be selling SIM-locked phones.

    What is “roaming”?

    Roaming is the ability for a cellular customer to make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, etc on “visited” networks, that is, GSM networks located outside the geographical coverage area of their home network. These “visited” networks can be accessed in the same manner as the home network. For example, a customer (with a GSM phone) is able to make and receive voice calls while travelling in Europe (an example of international/global roaming). There are 3 types of roaming:

    • National Roaming: The visited network is in the same country as the home network.
    • International Roaming or Global Roaming: The visited network is outside the home country.
    • Inter-standard roaming: The visited network operates on a different technical standard than the home network.

    See the official websites for further information about where customers can roam and the cost of such services.

    What is “seamless roaming”?

    Seamless roaming allows cellular customers to make and receive calls on “visited” networks, as long as there is a roaming agreement between the operator of the “visited” network and the operator of their “home” network.

    What is “unregistered roaming”?

    Unregistered roaming allows cellular customers to make (originate) calls on “visited” networks where there are NO roaming agreements between the operator of the “visited” network and the operator of their “home” network. Calls are billed via one of these methods: Collect, Credit Card or Calling Card. Calls which originate via unregistered roaming are usually more expensive than calls which originate via seamless roaming.

    What is SMS?

    SMS or Short Message Service, (also known as short messaging service, text messaging, mobile messaging, or alphanumeric paging, celltext, texting, phone messaging) enables you to send brief text/numeric messages to and from digital cellular telephones. Messages can originate from cell phones as well as e-mail addresses and public SMS gateways on the Internet.

    What is the difference between SMS, Instant Messaging Service (IMS), and E-mail?

    E-mail and SMS are both “store and forward” systems that utilize a “gateway” to pass messages from senders to recipients, however, the obvious difference between the two are the length/complexity of the messages that can be sent on the respective systems. The maximim size of a SMS message is usually 160 characters (actual size is dependant on the service provider). The messages are limited to text and numeral characters. Graphics, colour, HTML formatting and file attachments are not allowed.

    On the other hand, e-mail can contain thousands of characters and allows the use of HTML formatting, files to be attached and images to be embedded within the message . Instant Messaging Service (IMS), (e.g. AOL Instant Messenger “AIM”, ICQ, MSN Messenger and Yahoo Messenger) allows you to conduct real-time text conversations (“chat”) with people who are simultaneously connected to the Internet and, in some cases, allow the transfer of files. SMS messages are immediate, but not simultaneous.

    How do you send and receive SMS messages?

    Receiving messages is easy. Most phones will display an incoming message alert graphic on the screen. You may also set a tone to sound when incoming messages are received. Once a message is received, you can use the scroll keys on your phone to view the content of the message. Options to store, reply, or forward each message will be available at that time. The exact procedure to send a message varies from device to device, but it usually involves entering the recipient’s phone number or e-mail address, and then composing the message with the phone keypad. You may have the option to send the message instantly or store it for later delivery. Check the user’s manual for the specific details on how to access these features on your particular brand/model of cell phone.

    How do you use public gateways to send messages?

    Cellular service providers who offer SMS usually offer public SMS gateways, which allow you to compose and send messages from the service provider’s web site. Digicel and TSTT DO NOT offer such a service from/on any of their websites at this time. A number of independently operated message gateways also exist on the Internet. These public gateways are usually available from any computer with Internet access. Examples of such gateways can be found at:

    At this time (April 2006) neither Digicel nor TSTT charge for receiving SMS messages sent from the Internet.

    Update : TSTT has disabled sending and receiving SMS via the Internet since late 2006. TSTT has given no notice on when such a service will be ever enabled.

    What are the fees for the Short Message Service?

    See the Official Websites for the most recent rates.

    How to send a message via SMS

    To send a Short Message using your cellular telephone, the message must be addressed to: 868####### (where ####### = the cell number of the person receiving the message). The exact procedure to send a message from one cell phone to another cell phone varies from device to device, but it usually involves entering the recipient’s phone number and then composing the message with the phone keypad. Check the user’s manual for the specific details on how to access these features on your particular brand/model of cell phone.

    Cell phones that support text messaging

    Most modern phones support SMS. See the Official Websites for information on which phones (and their features) are available to local consumers.

    Notes:

    • All sms options supported by the phone may not be available on the local networks. Ask your cellphone provider if in doubt.
    • Check the users manual for further info on how to use these features on your phone.

    SMS message specifications

    Your SMS message must meet the following specifications in order to be sent and received successfully:

    • Maximum size of the message: 160 characters (punctuation marks AND spaces are counted as characters).
    • Messages have to be in plain text. SMS does not support HTML formatting. In other words, it won’t look like a web page and you can’t see colours, graphics or those email “wallpapers”. Outlook/Outlook Express users take note! You may have to check your software settings/options/configuration and switch off HTML formatting.
    • You cannot send any sort of file attachments e.g. zip, mp3, mpeg, mpg, avi, doc, xls on the SMS system

    SMS Etiquette

    • Turn down the volume of your alert tone. YOU need to know you received a message. No one else does.
    • Keep your subject line brief. The characters in the subject count towards your total of 160. Better yet, do not use a subject line that way you can maximise the content of your message.
    • Messages must be read on cell phone screens so keep your message brief.
    • Don’t send a “signature”, a tagline, inspirational quote or any other unnecessary material with your message. Remember, there is a character limit so your message will be truncated if it exceeds that limit.
    • Avoid unnecessary spaces in the message. Spaces count towards your total of 160 characters.

    The SMS (Short Message Service) Dictionary

    SMS supports a limited number of characters per text message (approx. 160) so here’s a list of abbreviations and emoticons to help create that message.

    Numerals

    @WRK
    At work
    2BCTND
    To be continued
    2D4
    To die for
    2G4U
    Too good for you
    2HT2HNDL
    Too hot to handle
    2l8
    Too late
    4BARS
    Feeling very good today
    4E
    Forever
    4YEO
    For your eyes only

     

    A

    A3
    Anytime, Anywhere, Anyplace
    AAM
    As a matter of fact
    AB
    Ah Bless!
    ADCTD2LUV
    Addicted to Love
    AFAIK
    As far as I know
    AFK:
    Away From Keyboard
    AKA
    Also known as
    ALLWANISU
    All I want is You
    AML
    All my love
    ASAP
    As soon as possible
    ATB
    All the best
    ATK:
    At The Keyboard
    ATM:
    At The Moment
    ATW
    At the weekend
    AWHFY
    Are we having fun yet

    B

    B4
    Before
    BAK:
    Back At Keyboard
    BBFN
    Bye Bye for now
    BBL:
    Be Back Later
    BBS
    Be back soon
    BBSD
    Be back soon darling
    BCNU
    Be seeing you
    BF
    Boy Friend
    BGWM
    Be gentle with me
    BRB
    Be right back
    BTW
    By the way

     

    C

    CLD9
    Cloud 9
    CM
    Call me
    CRS
    Can’t remember stuff
    Cu
    See you
    CUIMD
    See you in my dreams
    CUL
    See you later
    CUL8R
    See you later
    CYA
    See You

    D

    Dk
    Don’t know
    DUR?
    Do you remember?

    E

    E2EG
    Ear to ear grin
    EOD
    End of discussion
    EOL
    End of lecture

     

    F

    F2F
    Face to face
    F2T
    Free to talk
    FAQ
    Frequently Asked Questions
    FC
    Fingers Crossed
    FITB
    Fill in the Blank
    FUBAR
    Fouled up beyond all recognition
    FWIW
    For What It’s Worth
    FYEO
    For your eyes only
    FYA
    For your amusement
    FYI
    For your information

    G

    GAL
    Get A Life
    GF
    Girlfirend
    GG
    Good Game
    GMESUMLUVIN
    Give me some loving
    GMTA:
    Great Minds Think Alike
    GR8
    Great
    GSOH
    Good Salary, Own Home
    GTG
    Got to go
    GTSY
    Glad to see you

     

    H

    H2CUS
    Hope to see you soon
    H8
    Hate
    HAGN
    Have a good night
    HAND
    Have a nice day
    HLDMECLS
    Hold me close
    HT4U
    Hot for You
    H&K
    Hugs and Kisses

    I

    IC
    I See
    ICQ
    I Seek you
    IDK
    I dont know
    IGOTUBABE
    I’ve got you babe
    IIRC
    If I recall correctly
    IMHO
    In my humble opinion
    IMI
    I mean it
    ILU
    I love You
    IMBLUV
    It must be love
    IOW
    In other words
    IOU
    I owe you
    IRL
    In Real Life
    IUSS
    If you say so

     

    J

    J4F
    Just for fun
    JFK
    Just for kicks
    JSTCLLME
    Just call Me

    K

    KC
    Keep cool
    KHUF
    Know how you feel
    KISS
    Keep It Simple, Stupid
    KIT
    Keep in touch
    KOTC
    Kiss on the cheek
    KOTL
    Kiss on the lips

     

    L

    L8
    Late
    L8R
    Later
    LMAO
    Laugh My A## Off
    LOL
    Laughing out loud
    LOLROF
    Laughing out load, rolling on floor
    LTNC
    Long time no see
    LTSGT2GTHR
    Lets get together

    M

    MTE
    My Thoughts Exactly
    M$ULKECRZ
    Miss you like Crazy!
    M8
    Mate
    MC
    Merry Christmas
    MGB
    May God Bless
    MYOB
    Mind your own Business

     

    N

    NA
    No access
    NC
    No comment
    NE
    Any
    NE1
    Anyone
    No1
    No-One
    NRN:
    No Reply Necessary
    NWO
    No way out

    O

    O4U
    Only for you
    OIC
    Oh, I see
    OTOH
    On the other hand

     

    P

    PITA
    Pain In The A##
    PRT
    Party
    PRW
    Parents Are Watching
    PCM
    Please call me
    PPL
    People

    Q

    QT
    Cutie

     

    R

    R
    Are
    RMB
    Ring my Bell
    ROFL
    Rolling On The Floor Laughing
    ROFLOL
    Rolling On The Floor Laughing Out Loud
    ROTFLMAO
    Rolling On The Floor Laughing My A## Off
    RU?
    Are you?
    RUOK?
    Are you Ok?

    S

    SC
    Stay cool
    SETE
    Smiling Ear to Ear
    SO
    Significant Other
    SOL
    Sooner or later
    SME1
    Some One
    SNAFU
    Situation normal but all fouled up
    SOS
    Same old stuff
    SRY
    Sorry
    SWALK
    Sent with a loving Kiss
    SWG
    Scientific Wild Guess

     

    T

    T+
    Think positive
    T2ul
    Talk to you later
    TDTU
    Totally devoted to you
    THX
    Thanks
    T2Go
    Time to Go
    TIC
    Tongue in Cheek
    TMIY
    Take me Im yours
    TTFN
    Ta ta for now.
    TTYL
    Talk to you later

    U

    U
    You
    URT1
    You are the one

    V

    VRI
    Very

     

    W

    WB:
    Welcome Back
    WTF:
    What The F###
    WTG:
    Way To Go
    WUF:
    Where Are You From
    W8:
    Wait
    W4U:
    Waiting for you
    WAN2:
    Want to
    WRT:
    With respect to
    WUWH:
    Wish you were here

    X

    X!
    Typical Woman
    X
    Kiss
    XCLUSVLYURS
    Exclusively Yours

    Y

    Y!
    Typical Man
    YBS
    You’ll be Sorry
    YGM
    You’ve got mail

     

    Z

    No “words” available at this time.

     

    Emoticons

    Emoticons (also known as “smileys”) are used to convey a facial expression in text messages on mobile phones (SMS).

    🙂
    Smiley
    🙁
    I’m upset/angry
    > ;->
    Rude suggestions
    %-)
    Google Eyes
    :*)
    I’m drunk
    B-)
    I’m wearing sunglasses
    :-)~
    I’m drooling
    :~~)
    I’ve got a cold
    :’-(
    I’ve been crying
    :-@
    I’m gonna scream
    :-0
    Uh-oh
    :-X
    My lips are sealed
    :-Q
    I smoke
    !-)
    Black eye
    :”)
    Blushing
    😐 😐
    Deja vu
    :@)
    Pig
    :-$
    Put your money where your mouth is
    🙂
    Smiley
    😛
    Stick tongue out
    :-(*)
    You make me sick
    x-(
    You’re mad
    :-“
    Whistling
    😉
    Wink
    :-\
    Sceptical
    : @
    Shouting
    😮
    Appalled
    :-X
    Not saying a word
    |-I
    Sleeping
    |-O
    Snoring
    %-}
    Intoxicated
    :-v
    Talking
    :-w
    Talking with two tongues
    (0_0)b
    Talking on cellphone
    d(0_0)b
    Wearing headphones
    \(O_O)/
    Great to see you,want a hug?/getting mugged
    (-@_@-)
    Scared/funky sunglasses
    (x_x)
    Dead
    (:0_0:)
    Freckles
    🙂
    Smiling without a nose
    😎
    Smiling with glasses
    [:-)
    Smiling with walkman
    :-)8
    Smiling with bow tie
    {:-)
    Smiling with hair
    d:-)
    Smiling with cap
    C|:-)
    Smiling with top hat
    (:-)
    Smiling with helmet
    :-)=
    Smiling with a beard
    #:-)
    Smiling with a fur hat
    😀
    Laughter
    🙁
    Sad
    🙁
    Sad, without nose
    :’-(
    Crying
    :-c
    Unhappy
    :-||
    Angry
    :-(0)
    Shouting
    >:-(
    Very angry
    :-O
    Wow
    😐
    Determined
    O 🙂
    An angel
    :-9
    Salivating
    🙁 )
    Shocked
    :-~)
    Having a cold
    😮 zz
    Bored
    B-)
    Sunglasses
    B:-)
    Sunglasses on head
    8:-)
    Glasses on head
    {:-)
    Toupee
    }:-(
    Toupee blowing in the wind
    -:-)
    Punk
    :-{)
    With a moustache
    :-{}
    Lip stick
    q(0_0)p
    Hands over ears/not listening/girl with bows
    (-_-)
    Sleeping
    <|>_<|>
    Cat
    (*_*)
    Unconscious
    (D_D)
    Looking sideways

     

    SMS FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

    • Can you tell me if brand X, model y is sms capable?
      No. Check:

      for further information

    • You keep telling me to “read the user’s manual” but I don’t have one! Where can I get one?
      The manufacturer of your cell phone should have an electronic version of the manual available for download (usually a Word .doc file or an Acrobat .pdf file) from their official website.
    • Why is there a limit of 160 characters?
      This is due to the limits of the SMS specification as well as the system in use by the SMS provider.
    • Can my phone be “upgraded” (via hardware or software) to support SMS?
      No.
    • How do I change the “message received” alert tone for my phone?
      Check the user’s manual for the specific details on how to access these features on your particular brand/model of cell phone.
    • Why must I change the settings in Outlook/Outlook Express?
      These email clients send HTML formatted email by default. HTML is the “language” used to create web pages. SMS does not support HTML formatting. So if you want to use these clients to send SMS messages you have to turn off HTML formatting and send it in plain text.
    • I used an SMS gateway site but my message was not sent or I got an error message. What’s wrong with the gateway?
      These gateways must interface with (Digicel or TSTT) so whenever those systems are down or have been programmed to block messages from specific sites, the gateway sites cannot transfer your message. The operators of the gateway site(s) have no control over the availability or reliability of the (Digicel or TSTT) SMS service.
    • Is SMS the same as email?
      No.
    • Can I send SMS messages from my (Digicel or TSTT) cellphone to a cellphone on a foreign network in another country?
    • If I “roam” abroad with my cellphone, can I still send/receive SMS messages?
      Yes. See the official websites for more information.
    • I don’t want this service . . . Can I switch it off?
      Once the cellphone provider has switched on the service and your phone is SMS capable, it will automatically receive messages addressed to it. However you may be able to have the service discontinued. Ask your cellphone provider.
    • Is there any way to block someone from sending SMS messages to my phone?
      The only definite way to block messages to your phone is to contact your cellphone provider and have the service discontinued, unfortunately, this would mean all SMS service/features, not just the nuisance messages, would be blocked.

    What are ringtones?

    Ringtones are the melodies/tunes/sounds/”noise” played when a call is received on your cellular telephone. Each phone has a certain
    number of tones pre-installed. However, many modern phones can be customised with a personalised ringtone. The user/owner has a wider variety to choose
    from and with a unique ring tone, it’s easier to distinguish one phone from another. Check the user’s manual and/or check the manufacturer’s website for further information on how to configure, add, delete, change the ringtones on your phone.

    What are the fees for obtaining ringtones?

    Check the Official Websites for further information. Independent ringtone providers (i.e. not associated with Digicel or TSTT/Bmobile) may charge a different (higher or lower) fee for transfering ringtones to your cellphone.

    What are the fees for obtaining wallpapers?

    Check the Official Websites for further information. Independent providers (i.e. not associated with Digicel or TSTT/Bmobile) may charge a different (higher or lower) fee for transfering wallpapers to your cellphone.

    How do you transfer ringtones/wallpapers/music/videos etc. to the phone?

    Read your user’s manual and/or check the manufacturer’s website for further information or ask the dealer who sold you the phone.

    These are the common methods of transfering data to and from a cellphone:

    • A special cable (from the cellphone manufacturer) that connects via the USB (more recent cables) or serial port (older cables) of your computer. Special software from the cellphone manufacturer is then used to format and transfer data between the phone and the computer.
    • Bluetooth. Requires that the computer either have built-in Bluetooth capability (e.g. a laptop) or that the user purchase and install a Bluetooth “adapter” or “dongle” in order to communicate with the Bluetooth-enabled phone. Special software from the cellphone manufacturer is then used to format and transfer data between the phone and the computer.
    • Infrared. Requires that the computer either have built-in infrared capability (e.g. a laptop) or that the user purchase and install an infrared “adapter” or “dongle” in order to communicate with theinfrared-enabled phone. Special software from the cellphone manufacturer is then used to format and transfer data between the phone and the computer.
    • Email. Requires the user to subscribe (pay) for data services from their cellphone provider. Works in a similar manner to regular computer based email. The file is sent as an attachment to the email. Memory/storage capacity of the phone will limit the size of the attachment.
    • MMS. Multimedia messaging service is an enhanced version of SMS which allows the user to send and receive pictures and short audio and video clips. Most cellphone providers usually charge either a flat fee per month or a per message fee for this service. The size of the pictures and short audio and video clips will be limited by the memory/storage capacity of the phone.

    Independent providers (i.e. not associated with Digicel or TSTT/Bmobile) usually charge a fee for transfering ringtones/wallpapers/music/videos etc. to your cellphone.

    Contact the creator of this page

    Before you send that email, remember:

    • If you have a problem with your phone or cell service, contact your providers directly! More information on their official websites.
    • Do not email us about services/problems etc. in other countries.
    • We may not be able to answer your question(s).
    • Information on this page is subject to change without further notice.
    • We may not reply if your question has already been answered by material provided on this page.
    • This page is for information purposes only. It is not an endorsement of the services provided by local telecom providers.

    If you have comments, more information, etc to add to this page, please contact us at: admin[ at ]ttcsweb.org

    Last updated : 3/july/2007

  • National Policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry

    National Policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry

    The Draft Policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry was released for public comment on the Trinidad and Tobago Government’s website in early August 2002 by the Ministry of Science, Technology & Tertiary Education. The Draft Policy includes proposals on the ownership structure of the broadcasting industry, a quota system for local programming content, non-profit and religious broadcasting among other issues.

    With the deadline for submissions for comments on October 31st, 2002, the Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society (TTCS) submitted comments on the Draft National Policy and the Broadcasting Industry.

    The Minister of Public Administration and Information announced the National policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry in the Senate on Tuesday 20th January 2004 and was made available for download from the NICT/FastForward website in February 2004.