Category: articles

Miscellaneous computer related articles, opinions and essays by fellow TTCS members.

  • Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions (2004)

    The Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions was released for comment in November 2004 by the Ministry of Public Administration and Information (MPAI). According to the text:

    “This document provides the principles that will guide the policy for completion of The Electronic Transactions Bill….The main purpose of the Electronic Transactions Policy is to provide the legal framework for electronic transactions. This framework seeks to provide the legal principles to regulate the use of electronic documents and electronic signatures. The Policy provides the legal requirements governing records to be prepared in an electronic form and sets out the basic rule that an electronic record is not subject to legal challenge merely because it is in electronic form.
    The Policy recognizes that a legally binding document can be crated by use of an electronic signature. The Policy also provides for the formation of contract electronically and communication of electronic records. The Government is empowered under to make regulations relating to the use, import and export of
    encryption programs and other encryption products, and with respect to the protection of personal data. Furthermore, the Policy also makes provision for intermediaries and ecommerce service providers, and for the establishment of an Advisory Board to advise Government on the execution of this policy.”

    Download the Draft National Policy on Electronic Transactions  (PDF ; 15 pages ; size: 156K)

    Read the TTCS comments on the Data National Policy on Electronic Transactions  (TXT : 8K)

     

     

  • Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) was released on August 6th 2004 and it is the largest update to Windows XP since the original release of Windows XP. SP2 is not immediately available (at this time: August 2004) for download from www.windowsupdate.com therefore users will have to download and install the “full” (also called the “Network Install”) of Windows XP Service Pack 2.

    It is available from Microsoft at this URL:

    http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165b076b-aaa9-443d-84f0-73cf11fdcdf8/WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe

    This link is for the English version. The file size is approximately 266 MB.

    (more…)

  • Slipstreaming with Windows XP Service Pack 2

    Slipstreaming is the term used to describe the integration of a service pack with the installation files from the original installation media. In this example, Windows XP Service Pack 2 will be integrated with the original files from Windows XP Home Edition.

    (more…)

  • Remove the XP Service Pack 2 Security Alert icon

    Introduction

    Updated : January 12th, 2005

    Windows XP Service Pack 2 installs a brand new “Security Center” for users to protect their computers against a variety of security risks.

    Windows XP SP2 Security Center

    (more…)

  • Tech Specs for Trinidad & Tobago

    Tech Specs for Trinidad and Tobago

    Created : July 7th, 2004

    Introduction

    This page provides information about some of the basic technical specifications and standards in use in Trinidad and Tobago. Will you be visiting Trinidad and Tobago in the near future? Will you be bringing your electronic devices (e.g. digital camera, cellphone, PDA, laptop computer, MP3 player, etc) with you? This page is for you.

    Electricity

    In Trinidad and Tobago, electricity is distributed by the Trinidad & Tobago Electricity Commission (T&TEC). Their official website is located at: http://www.ttec.co.tt/. According to their website, electricity is supplied:

    • at a frequency of 60 Hertz (60Hz).
    • the typical residential supply is AC, 115/230 Volt, single phase, 3 wire.

    For most purposes, the electrical outlets available to the typical visitor (at hotels, guest houses, homes of relatives/friends, etc) will supply 115V/60Hz electricity.

    Notes:

    • The electrical voltage can vary in the range 110V to 120V depending on time of day, load conditions, demand, etc.
    • Your electrical device should be able to operate in the 110V to 120V range.

    Types of electrical plugs:

    • Flat blade attachment plug
    • Flat blades with round grounding pin

    Telephones (land lines)

    Land line service in Trinidad and Tobago is provided by Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT). Their webiste is located at: http://www.tstt.co.tt. TSTT uses standards similar to those of North America:

    • Telephone outlets use the RJ-11 socket.
    • Phones, fax machines, answering machines, modems, etc. are connected to the outlet via a RJ-11 modular plug.

    Cellular telephones

    The local phone company, Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago, (TSTT) offers both TDMA and GSM cellular service. Reminder: Check with your cellular service provider for information about roaming rates, compatibility, etc.) before bringing your cellular phone to Trinidad and Tobago.

    Further information about the GSM service can be found on our GSM in TnT page.

    Television/video standards

    Trinidad and Tobago uses the North American standard for television broadcasting.

    • Television/video standard: NTSC.
    • Number of lines: 525.
    • Frequency: 60Hz.

    NTSC to PAL and PAL to NTSC conversions are available from local video production companies (check the local telephone directory for contact information) but can be expensive for the average visitor.

    Internet Access

    Dial-up access is still the most common with “broadband” available in limited areas. For general information check this page: Internet Access Options in TnT

    As a visitor, you have several options by which you can access the Internet:

    Hotels

    The major hotels offer access in one form or the other:

    • The access can be directly from your room via a Ethernet cable or WiFi.
    • It may also be from a specially designated “computer room” where the hotel already has computers set and ready to access the Internet
    • It may also be from a specially designated “computer room” where you can plug your portable computer into a telephone jack or ethernet port.

    Cybercafes

    There are many cybercafes locate throughout the country, check the local telephone directory for contact information. Quality of service, speed and available equipment/applications varies from cafe to cafe.

    Dial-up access

    One local ISP, Opus Networx offers a “visitor account” for the duration of your stay. Check the website: http://www.opusnetworx.co.tt for further details.

    619-EASY

    The local phone company (TSTT) offers Internet access service without the need to sign-up for an account. Simply configure your computer to dial 619-easy (3279) and use the username EASY (use all capital letters because it is case-sensitive). There is no password. The call will cost TT 75 cents per minute (VAT inclusive) and will be billed to the phone number from which the call was made. e.g. if you make the call from telephone number 611-0001 and spend 10 minutes online, then the charge of (0.75 x 10) TT$7.50 for Internet access time will be added to the bill for phone number 611-0001. Please do not abuse the facility and leave your relatives or friends with large phone bills for Internet access time.

    Freenets

    There are no “freenet”-style 80211.b, 80211.g or other such public access wireless (“WiFi”) networks currently in operation (July 2004).

    Computer Hardware

    Hardware for PC desktop systems e.g. RAM modules, motherboards, keyboards, mice, network cards, hard drives, floppy drives, video cards, cases, cables, etc are available “off-the-shelf” from local retailers.

    Hardware for Macs is not so common. However, modern desktop Macs do use some components that are common to both Macs and PCs so, to a certain, limited extent, hardware is available.

    Internal hardware for laptops (PCs and Macs) is rare. These machines use proprietary form factor parts which will not be available “off-the-shelf”.

    Reminder: If you are traveling with your various electronic devices (e.g. laptop computer, PDA, digital camera, MP3 player, etc) bring: your AC adapter, spare batteries and your battery charger if possible/where applicable.

    Measurement Systems

    Trinidad and Tobago uses the Metric system for measurement:

    • Length: millimetres, centimetres, metres, kilometres.
    • Liquids: litres.
    • Weight: grams, kilograms.
    • Speed: kilometres per hour (Km/h).

    However, as a former british colony, it is not uncommon for citizens to refer to these measurements in their imperial formats, e.g. “pounds”, “miles”, “feet”, “inches”, etc. Note: the Metric system should be used for all business transactions.

    Batteries

    • Carbon and alkaline batteries are commonly available in the following formats: AAA, AA, C, D.
    • “Button” batteries, such as those used in watches and calculators are available.
    • Rechargable batteries and those with exotic contents e.g. lithium are less common.

    If your electronic equipment (e.g. laptop, digital camera, MP3 player, PDA) uses a battery with a proprietary form factor, it is unlikely you will be able to purchase a replacement “off-the-shelf”.

    Reminder: travel with spare batteries and your battery charger if possible/where applicable.

    Recordable Media

    Recordable Media is available in the following formats:

    • VHS standard video tape: 120 and 160 minutes (as measured in SP recording mode). (As of 2013, this is no longer considered a common medium)
    • Compact cassettes (As of 2013, this is no longer considered a common medium).
    • CD-R(ecordable): 650MB and 700MB are common.
    • CD-R specifically for audio is also available (but more expensive than “data” CD-Rs).
    • CR-RW (CD-rewritable) is available.
    • Recordable 4.7GB DVDs are available. Formats include: DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW.

    Local Radio Stations

    Local radio stations use the North American standard for frequency allocation:

    • The AM band uses 540 Khz to 1600Khz.
    • The FM band uses 88Mhz to 108Mhz.

    There are two AM stations: 610 (state owned/operated) and 730 (privately owned/operated).

    There are fifteen FM stations: 90.1, 92, 93, 94.1, 95.1, 96.1,
    97, 98.1, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106.

    Programming content includes: news, community announcements, local music, caribbean music, east-indian music, foreign pop music, hip-hop, talk radio, religious music and talk, easy listening and “golden-oldies”.

    Local Television Stations

    The 4 local television stations use the North American standard for frequency allocation:

    • Trinidad and Tobago Televsion (TTT): state owned/operated. VHF Channel 2 (in Trinidad) and VHF channel 13 (some parts of northern Trinindad and all of Tobago)
    • The Information Channel (TIC): state owned/operated. VFH Channel 4 (in Trinidad) and VHF channel 16 (some parts of northern Trinidad and all of Tobago)
    • CCN-TV6: privately owned/operated. VHF Channel 6 (in Trinidad), UHF channel 18 (some parts of northern Trinindad and all of Tobago), UHF channel 19 (only in Tobago).
    • Gayelle TV: privately owned/operated. UHF Channel 23. This is a “community” channel located in north western Trinidad. Other parts of the Trinidad and and all of Tobago may not receive this broadcast signal.

    These stations operate “over the air” on standard VHF and UHF broadcast frequencies. They are also available (unscrambled) on the local cable television system (CCTT) in Trinidad: TTT can be found on channel 3, TIC can be found on channel 4, TV6 can be found on channel 5, Gayelle on channel 7.

    Contact the creator of this page

    Before you send that email, remember:

    We can only answer questions involving Trinidad and Tobago. Do not email us with questions about other countries. We may not be able to answer your question(s).

    Information on this page is subject to change without further notice. We may not reply if your question has already been answered by material provided on this page. This page is for information purposes only. It is not an endorsement of the services provided by any entity linked to or mentioned on this page. You are solely responsible for any and all: financial loss, damage to your equipment or loss of data that may result directly or indirectly from the use of information contained on this page.

    If you have questions (that have not already been answered on this page), comments, more information to add to this page, etc, please contact us

    Last updated : 05/july/2004

    DISCLAIMER

    The creator(s) of this page and the TTCS are not affiliated with any entity linked to or mentioned on this page. This page has not been endorsed in any way by these entities. Information on this page is subject to change without further notice. If you use any information from this page, you do so at your own discretion and risk and you are solely responsible for any and all: financial loss, damage to your equipment or loss of data that may result directly or indirectly from such use. In other words, if you screw-up, or your equipment or data gets screwed up, it is 100% YOUR fault! Don’t blame anyone else

  • The IEEE 1394 Standard

    The IEEE 1394 Standard was originally created as a replacement for the SCSI interface. Three versions of the IEEE 1394 Standard have been approved by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE):

    • 1394-1995:The original concept for a high-speed serial interface was conceived by Apple and the final Standard, 1394-1995, is based on Apple developed technology. The interface has the following capabilities:
      • Data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps.
      • Bi-directional transfers.
      • High speed data transfer.
      • “Hot plug” connectivity (equipment using the interface can be connected and disconnected while the computer is powered on).
      • Digital interface.
      • A maximum cable length of 4.5 metres.
    • 1394a:Was finalised/adopted in 2000. It provided specifications for enhanced performance and power management on the FireWire bus.
    • 1394b:Was finalised/adopted in 2002. It supports a theoretical maximum speed of up to 3.2 Gbps at distances of up to 100 metres. It allows new types of media to be used for FireWire connections (e.g. fibre optic cabling). (more…)
  • Telecommunications (Amendment) Act, 2004

    The Telecommunications (Amendment) Bill 2004 was introduced in the House of Representatives in March 2004. The introductory text of the Bill states :

    “These amendments to the Telecommunications Act 2001 purport, inter alia, to bring clarity to provisions considered ambiguous, to encourage investment by creating and sustaining a framework for fair competition and to ensure the availability of quality services at affordable prices; all of the foregoing being required by the International Telecommunications Union and the World Trade Organisation in respect of legislative reform in the telecommunications/ICT industry.”

    The Explanatory Notes for modifying the definition of “public telephone service” “..will make it abundantly clear that the Authority will regulate the delivery of all public voice services irrespective of the means used to provide the service (e.g., VOIP)”

    Page 3 of the Explanatory Notes for the definition of “value added service” states that : “The existing definition creates ambiguity with respect to the classification of ISPs. Government’s policy requires the regulation of ISPs as public data telecommunications service providers. The revised definition (of value added services) is in accordance with this policy prescription as the definition makes it clearer that value added services are services that provide content and shall not include services by which such content is provided. ……

    Various comments/opinions of the Telecommunication (Amendment) Bill :

    The Telecommunications Amendment Bill, 2004 was passed in the House of Representatives on the 20th April, 2004. It was passed in the Senate with amendments on 18th May 2004. The House of Representatives approved the Senate Amendments on the 26 May 2004. It was assented to on June 14th, 2004.

  • Proposed Policy to exempt licensing of systems operating in the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz ISM Bands

    thumbnail-mpai-free-spectrum-licensing

     

    In early May 2004, the Ministry of Public Administration & Information released a proposed policy “to exempt licensing of systems operating in the 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz Industrial, Scientific & Medical (ISM) Bands for the provision of affordable wireless connectivity and Broadband Internet Access”.

    The proposed policy recommends the use of 2.4GHz systems (such as 802.11b, 802.11g, Bluetooth) to be deployed within the constraints of or between the user’s premises for non-third party applications and 5.8GHz systems (such as 802.11a) to be deployed for both public and private network services.

    The deadline for comments from the public on this proposed policy was Friday 28th May 2004.

    Our main point in the comments on the proposed policy :

    The 2.4GHz band should be given the same privileges as the 5.8GHz band and let users/market forces decide which band is more appropriate for their needs. In other words, 2.4GHz systems should be allowed to be deployed for both public and private network services, just like 5.8GHz systems.

    Spectrum Plan for Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Services.

    In April 2006, the Telecommmunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) published a Spectrum Plan for Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Services for comment. “..This plan proposes spectrum bands based on current wireless access technologies and sets out the approach to be adopted by the Authority towards licensing of these bands.”

    In this document, this April 2006 policy states

    6.3.4 Individual or user licences will not be required in order to use radiocommunication equipment in the 2.4 GHz band.

    6.3.5 Radiocommunication systems using the 2.4 GHz band can be used for both private or public telecommunications networks and services or broadcasting services.

    A 2nd version of Spectrum Plan for the Accommodation of Broadband Wireless Access Services was posted in July 2006

     

     

  • Cellphones in Trinidad and Tobago

    This page provides generic information about GSM, SMS and ringtones and replaces the “GSM in TnT”, “SMS in TnT” and “About Ringtones” pages previously hosted at www.ttcsweb.org. If you need information specific to your cell phone provider, check their Official Websites.

    Last updated : 25 April 2006

    (more…)

  • National Policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry

    The Draft Policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry was released for public comment on the Trinidad and Tobago Government’s website in early August 2002 by the Ministry of Science, Technology & Tertiary Education. The Draft Policy includes proposals on the ownership structure of the broadcasting industry, a quota system for local programming content, non-profit and religious broadcasting among other issues.

    With the deadline for submissions for comments on October 31st, 2002, the Trinidad and Tobago Computer Society (TTCS) submitted comments on the Draft National Policy and the Broadcasting Industry.

    The Minister of Public Administration and Information announced the National policy on Broadcast and the Broadcasting Industry in the Senate on Tuesday 20th January 2004 and was made available for download from the NICT/FastForward website in February 2004.